How Los Angeles’ air quality crisis impacts health: what you need to know

The recent wildfires that have ravaged Los Angeles County have left residents deeply concerned about the air quality and the potential health risks associated with it. The fires, which have burned through tens of thousands of acres, have not only destroyed vegetation but also homes, cars, and industrial areas, releasing vast amounts of smoke, ash, and noxious gases into the atmosphere. Despite the containment of major fires like the Palisades and Eaton fires, the lingering effects of smoke and ash continue to pose significant health risks.

The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a commonly used tool to gauge air pollution levels, incorporating measurements of five different pollutants regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). However, experts warn that the AQI provides an incomplete picture, especially in the context of wildfires. The index does not account for many toxic chemicals released during fires, particularly when man-made materials burn. This has left many Angelenos questioning the safety of the air they breathe.

Limitations of the Air Quality Index

The AQI is designed to measure common pollutants such as fine particles, ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. While it serves as a useful starting point, it fails to capture the full spectrum of contaminants present in wildfire smoke. This is particularly concerning given that smoke from burning structures contains carcinogens like benzene, formaldehyde, and asbestos fibers, which are not typically monitored.
Michael Jerrett, an air pollution expert at UCLA, highlights the spatial and temporal limitations of the AQI monitoring network, which consists of around 4,000 stations across the country. These stations often lack the density needed to provide accurate localized data, leaving gaps in understanding the true air quality on a neighborhood scale. As a result, even when AQI readings indicate “good” or “moderate” conditions, the air may still harbor harmful substances.

Protecting Yourself and Vulnerable Groups

Given the limitations of the AQI, experts recommend taking additional precautions to protect oneself and vulnerable groups from the potential health impacts of wildfire smoke. Vulnerable populations, including pregnant women, children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise extra caution. Creating a “clean room” with air purifiers and using HEPA filters can help mitigate exposure to harmful particles.

The South Coast Air Quality Management District advises wearing protective masks, such as N95 or P100 respirators, to filter out fine particles. Additionally, residents are encouraged to monitor local air quality data from networks like PurpleAir, which provide more frequent updates and can offer a better understanding of hyperlocal conditions.

Long-term Health Implications and Cleanup Efforts

The health risks associated with wildfire smoke are not limited to immediate exposure. Studies have shown that fine particulate matter from wildfires can penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream, leading to a range of health issues, including respiratory and cardiovascular problems. The UCLA Luskin Center for Innovation estimated over 55,000 premature deaths in an 11-year span due to inhaling fine particulate matter from wildfires.
Cleanup efforts in affected areas are ongoing, and residents are urged to stay informed about these activities. Improper cleanup practices can stir up toxic particles, posing further health risks. Monitoring wind conditions and reporting unsafe practices to authorities can help mitigate these risks.

Our Advice on the City

For those navigating the challenges of air quality in Los Angeles, staying informed and taking proactive measures are crucial. Utilize resources like AirNow and PurpleAir to monitor air quality in your area, and remain vigilant about the potential for changing conditions due to wind patterns. Free N95 masks are available at various locations, including L. A. Care Health community resource centers and Los Angeles Public Library branches.
In conclusion, while the air quality in Los Angeles has shown signs of improvement, the presence of smoke and ash from recent wildfires continues to pose health risks. For occasional travelers, it’s wise to plan indoor activities and limit outdoor exposure during periods of poor air quality. For expert travelers, consider investing in portable air quality monitors to stay informed about the air quality in real-time. By taking these precautions, you can protect yourself and your loved ones while enjoying the vibrant city of Los Angeles.